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learning target |
Aim of this section is to learn the personal pronouns and their use in the four cases.
personal pronoun | verb | personal pronoun |
I | know | her. |
rules |
in general
The term personal comes from word person. We use the personal pronouns to talk about a person or thing.
The term pronoun consists of the words pro (für) and noun (nomen) which means the pronouns stand for a person / thing and with their help the name of the noun can be replaced.
example: Catherine Estose Pacana is my girlfriend. She lives in Cagayan (instead of repeating the name again: Catherine Estose Pacana lives in Cagayan).
personal pronouns in nominative
These pronouns are used to speak about a person / thing who does something or is something. The pronoun is the subject of the sentence.
ich | du / Sie | er | sie | es | wir | ihr | sie |
There are two big differences between German and English:
- In German "er/sie" (he/she) is also used to descibe dead things. Most dead things in German have a male or female gender.
- In German are two forms of "you". "Du" is used for family members, friends, children and other people who are close to the speaker. "Sie" is formal way to say you and is used for business partner, colleagues and other adults who are not close to the speaker.
personal pronouns in dative and accusative
Here you can use the same explanation like in nominative. We speak again about a person / thing but in the dative and accusative the person / thing is not acting. It is the object of the sentence.
Surely you will ask where is the difference between dative and accusative because in English there is just one case and not two. This is an own big topic and will be covered in the section "Die 4 Fälle".
personal pronouns in genitive
The personal pronouns in genitive are not used to talk about the person but about what belongs to the person / about what possesses the person.
I put the endings in brackets because in the genitive case it depends on the gender which ending you have to use. This problem will be covered in the section "Possessivpronomen".
all personal pronouns |
exercises |
Personalpronomen 3 (ihn, sie, er) | |||||
Personalpronomen 4 (Sie,du,ihr) | |||||
Personalpronomen 5 (gemischt) | |||||
Personalpronomen 6 (gemischt) | |||||
Personalpronomen 7 (mein oder meine / er oder sie) | |||||
Personalpronomen 8 (dein oder deine / er oder sie) | |||||
summary - documents for your folder |
Personalpronomen (theory, 3 pages) | |||